U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) scientists are working as part of an international consortium have developed and tested an antibody-based therapy to treat Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), which is carried by ticks and kills up to 60 percent of those infected.
New results published online in the journal Cell characterized the human immune response to natural CCHFV infection. The researchers were able to identify several potent neutralizing antibodies that target the viral glycoprotein–a component of the virus that plays a key role in disease development. Several of these antibodies, administered individually or in combination, protected mice from CCHFV when given prior to virus exposure.
To treat mice that had already been infected, the team created “bispecific” antibodies that combined potency with the ability to bind to two separate sites on the CCHFV glycoprotein. One of these bispecific antibodies, called DVD-121-801, overcame CCHFV infection in mice with just a single dose administered 24 hours after challenge with live virus.
Efforts are underway to develop DVD-121-801 as a potential therapeutic for human patients, according to co-first author Andrew H. Herbert, Ph.D., of the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID).
CCHFV is the most prevalent tick-borne virus that causes human disease, and is endemic in countries across Europe, Asia, and Africa. Despite its high lethality and widespread distribution, no vaccines or specific treatments are available. It has been designated a priority pathogen by the World Health Organization.
“Rodent models of CCHFV infection are useful in testing and down-selecting neutralizing antibodies,” commented Herbert. “However, to advance a lead candidate for therapeutic use, it will be necessary to conduct studies in larger animal models that more faithfully recapitulate human disease.”
This work was supported in part by a National Institutes of Health grant to the Prometheus Center for Excellence in Translational Research, a consortium of academic, industry, and government partners working to develop antibody-based therapies against CCHFV and other highly lethal viruses.
Protective neutralizing antibodies from human survivors of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Cell, 1 June 2021.
SEE ALSO:
- An Emerging Biothreat: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Southern and Western Asia ASTMH
- A CCHFV DNA vaccine protects against heterologous challenge and establishes GP38 as immunorelevant in mice NPJ Vaccines
- The pathogenesis of genetically diverse strains of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in the cynomolgus macaque model IJID
- The interplays between CCHFV M segment-encoded accessory proteins and structural proteins promote virus assembly and infectivity PLOS Pathogens
- GP38-targeting monoclonal antibodies protect adult mice against lethal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection Science Advances
- Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever Antiviral Research
- Animal Models for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Human Disease Viruses
- A single mutation in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus discovered in ticks impairs infectivity in human cells eLife
