Thursday, March 16, 2023
News on Pathogens and Preparedness
Global Biodefense
  • Featured
  • COVID-19
  • Funding
  • Directory
  • Jobs
  • Events
  • Subscribe
No Result
View All Result
  • Featured
  • COVID-19
  • Funding
  • Directory
  • Jobs
  • Events
  • Subscribe
No Result
View All Result
Global Biodefense
No Result
View All Result
Home Medical Countermeasures

Common Sugar Molecule Could Hold Key to Broad Spectrum Vaccine

by Global Biodefense Staff
June 3, 2013

Vaccines Research, Development & ManufacturingResearchers from Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) have discovered a sugar polymer common to the cell surface of several diverse pathogens. The finding provides a promising target for the development of a broad-spectrum vaccine that can protect against numerous deadly microbes expressing this sugar molecule.

The researchers report that the sugar, known as beta-1-6-linked poly-N-acetyl glucosamine, or PNAG, is made by more bacterial, fungal, and other microbial organisms than previously thought. Antibodies produced naturally by humans and animals do not offer complete protection against microbes that express PNAG on their cell surface because the natural antibodies kill these microbes poorly. 

To overcome this, the researchers created vaccine-induced, non-human-derived antibodies that would respond to a synthetic form of PNAG; and these antibodies had the properties needed for killing microbes. The researchers also tested a human-derived antibody that was able to bind to both the natural and synthetic forms of PNAG and could also kill microbes producing PNAG.

When the researchers injected mice with these antibodies, they observed protection against local and systemic infections caused by several unrelated pathogens, such as Streptococcus pyogenes, the cause of strep throat; Streptococcus pneumoniae, the cause of deadly pneumonias in the young and the elderly; Listeria monocytogenes, a cause of potentially fatal food poisoning; Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B, a serious cause of meningitis; Candida albicans, a very difficult to treat fungal infection; and, most surprisingly, a very potent strain causing malaria in mice, a surrogate for the most serious form of human malaria known as cerebral malaria.

The team also found the PNAG polymer on the surface of microbes that cause gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, serious gastrointestinal infections and typhoid fever.  Additionally, they detected PNAG material on bacteria in tissues of humans with infections such as otitis media (ear infections) and tuberculosis-an important finding since it is critical that PNAG be produced during infection in order for the antibodies to do their job of killing and eliminating infectious agents.

“While we have known for awhile that staphylococci and several other bacteria including E. coli and some other microbes that cause hospital infections make PNAG, the new work expands this to a ‘top 10 to 20′ list of many of the major causes of serious human infections,” said Gerald Pier, PhD, Division of Infectious Diseases, BWH Department of Medicine, Professor of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, senior study author. “The possibility to use one agent to target so many different organisms including gonorrhea, TB and malaria is very exciting and unprecedented so far in the field of infectious diseases. However, whether or not one vaccine will work for any of these organisms, let alone many of them, will only be known once the vaccines and antibodies are thoroughly tested in humans.”

A PNAG-based passive immunotherapy consisting of a fully human monoclonal antibody has been successfully tested in a phase I clinical trial for safety and pharmacokinetics in human volunteers, with no significant adverse events reported.

Future testing will be conducted to further evaluate safety, dosage and effectiveness. A PNAG-based vaccine that can be injected into humans is also currently being produced with an expectation to begin human clinical trials in 2014. 

Read the study at PNAS: Antibody to a conserved antigenic target is protective against diverse prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens. 

Source: Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Tags: Synthetic BiologyVaccines

Related Posts

DARPA Selects Teams to Develop Vaccine Durability Prediction Model
Medical Countermeasures

DARPA Selects Teams to Develop Vaccine Durability Prediction Model

January 13, 2023
small glass vials on an assembly line await filling of vaccine solution
Industry News

Sabin Vaccine Institute to Advance Ebola Sudan and Marburg Vaccines with New BARDA Funding

January 12, 2023
How Are Bivalent COVID Vaccines Stacking Up Against Omicron?
Infectious Diseases

How Are Bivalent COVID Vaccines Stacking Up Against Omicron?

January 12, 2023
NISTCHO: New Living Reference Material for Producing Monoclonal Antibodies
Medical Countermeasures

NISTCHO: New Living Reference Material for Producing Monoclonal Antibodies

January 12, 2023
Load More

Latest News

Biodefense Headlines – 12 March 2023

Biodefense Headlines – 12 March 2023

March 12, 2023
Partner Therapeutics’ Novel Approach to Stratify Sepsis Patients Gains Backing From BARDA

Biopreparedness Research Virtual Environment (BRaVE) Initiative Backed by $105M DOE Funding

January 25, 2023
Influenza Proteins Tilt and Wave in ‘Breath-like’ Motions

Influenza Proteins Tilt and Wave in ‘Breath-like’ Motions

January 25, 2023
Biodefense Headlines – 24 January 2023

Biodefense Headlines – 24 January 2023

January 24, 2023

Subscribe

  • About
  • Contact
  • Privacy
  • Subscribe

© 2022 Stemar Media Group LLC

No Result
View All Result
  • Featured
  • COVID-19
  • Funding
  • Directory
  • Jobs
  • Events
  • Subscribe

© 2022 Stemar Media Group LLC