Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV)

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe, tickborne viral disease caused by the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), an RNA virus classified as a Select Agent due to its bioterrorism potential. Endemic in more than 30 countries across Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and parts of Europe, CCHF is the most widespread viral hemorrhagic fever globally. It is primarily transmitted through bites from infected Hyalomma ticks or direct contact with blood or tissues of infected animals. Human-to-human transmission can occur, particularly in healthcare settings without appropriate personal protective equipment.

Case-fatality rates can exceed 30–50% in hospitalized patients. No licensed vaccine exists, and treatment is supportive, though the antiviral ribavirin has shown limited benefit.